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A heart attack results when a blood clot completely obstructs a coronary artery supplying blood to the heart muscle and heart muscle dies. The blood clot that causes the heart attack usually forms at the site of rupture of an atherosclerotic, cholesterol plaque on the inner wall of a coronary artery. Heart failure damages the heart muscle at the cellular level. It's generally thought that the heart muscle damage caused by heart failure is permanent. However, Imperial College researchers found that heart failure damage can be reversed if the heart muscle is simply allowed to rest and heal.

Susceptible to coronary blockages that can cut off blood and destroy major hunks of heart muscle at one time in a heart attack, the heart can only heal itself slowly, often leaving behind thinned and baggy scar tissue devoid of healthy, beating muscle.Myocardial infarction (MI; Latin: infarctus myocardii) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood stops flowing properly to a part of the heart, and the heart muscle is injured because it is not receiving enough oxygen.